АУЫСПАЛЫ ЖАЙЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ӨСІМДІКТЕР ЖАМЫЛҒЫСЫН ЗЕРТТЕУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-1-2-13-24Аннотация
Оценка современного состояния растительности пастбищ включала измерения проективного покрытия, видового состава, высоты и урожайности травостоев, а также показателей кормовой и энерго-протеиновой ценности, такие как сбор кормовых единиц, переваримого протеина и выхода обменной энергии. Интенсивное использование пастбищ путем бессистемного выпаса с.х. животных оказывает отрицательное влияние на динамику продуктивности их растительного покрова, что согласуется с данными наших исследований, где в результате интенсивного способа установлено снижение урожайности пастбищ полупустынной зоны Западного Казахстана. Это исследование показало, что на изученных пастбищах продуктивность и показатели качества растительности зависит от способа их использования. При этом, более эффективные показатели пастбищного травостоя получены при использовании ротации пастбищ, где урожай зеленой массы за летний пастбищный сезон составил 0,60-0,75 т/га, сбор кормовых единиц 0,11-0,15 т/га, переваримого протеина 0,01-0,02 т/га при выходе обменной энергии 1,54-2,03 ГДж/га. Это исследование будет полезным при использовании пастбищных угодий и земель лиманного орошения для производства полноценных кормов в контексте устойчивого управления в странах с схожими принципами управления кормовыми угодьями.
Библиографические ссылки
ӘДЕБИЕТТЕР ТІЗІМІ
Rosegrant, M.W. Looking into the future for agriculture and AKST Agricultural Knowledge Science and Technology [Текст] M.W. Rosegrant, M. Fernandez, A. Sinha, J. Alder, H. Ahammad // Agriculture at the crossroads. Washington, DC, Island Press. - 2009. - Р.307-376.
Nasiyev, B. Studying the impact of grazing on the current state of Grassland in the Semi-desert Zone [Текст] B. Nasiyev, D. Tulegenova, N. Zhanatalapov, A. Bekkaliev, Z. Shamsutdinov // Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. – 2015. - 12(2). – P.1735-1742.
Insufficient food supply is the main deterrent to the development of animal husbandry [Electronic resource] URL: https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/e-karashukeev-nedostatochnaya-kormovaya-baza-glavnyy-sderzhivayushchiy-faktor-razvitiya-zhivotnovodstva-1743225
1.06 million tons of meat were produced in Kazakhstan in 2022 [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.kt.kz/rus/ekonomika/2022_1_06_1377945255.
Milk production in Kazakhstan increased by 4.4% in January-August 2024 [Electronic resource] URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/proizvodstvo-moloka-v-kazakhstane-vyroslo-na-4-4-za-yanvar-avgust-2024-goda.html
What goods and products are produced in Kazakhstan, and why are many of them appreciated abroad [Electronic resource] https://weproject.media/articles/detail/kakie-tovary-i-produkty-proizvodyat-v-kazakhstane-i-pochemu-mnogie-iz-nikh-tsenyatsya-za-rubezhom/
The number of livestock in Kazakhstan has reached almost 25 million [Electronic resource] URL: https://kaztag.kz/ru/news/pochti-25-mln-dostiglo-pogolove-skota-v-kazakhstane
Republican information and analytical journal "Modern Education" [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.bilim.expert/post
Kazakhstan has increased the area of fodder crops to 3.4 million hectares in 2024 [Electronic resource] URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/kazakhstan-uvelichil-ploshchadi-posevov-pod-kormovye-kultury-v-2024-godu-do-3-4-mln-ga.html
Capucille, D.J. Growing and finishing performance of steers when fed recycled poultry bedding during the growing period [Текст] D.J. Capucille, M.H. Poore, G.M. Rogers // J. Anim. Sci. - 2004. - №82. - Р.3038-3048.
Gatlin, L.A. Hydrogenated dietary fat improves pork quality of pigs from two lean genotypes [Текст] L.A. Gatlin L.A, M.T. See, J.A. Hansen, J. Odle // J. Anim. Sci. - 2003. - №81. - Р.1989-1997.
Zaghini, A. Mannanoligosaccharides and aflatoxin B1 in feed for laying hens: effects on egg quality, aflatoxins B1 and M1 residues in eggs, and aflatoxin B1 levels in liver [Текст] A. Zaghini,
G. Martelli, P. Roncada, M. Simioli, L. Rizzi // Poult Sci. - 2005. - №84. - Р.825-832.
Nocek, J.E. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production [Текст] J.E. Nocek, J.B. Russell // J. Dairy Sci. - 1988. - №71. - Р.2070-2107. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79782-9
Land degradation in Kazakhstan: natural and human factors [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.ritmeurasia.org/news--2019-11-07--degradacija-zemel-v-kazahstane-faktor-prirodnyj-i-chelovecheskij
Liu, Y. Assessment of grassland degradation near Lake Qinghai, West China, using Landsat TM and in situ reflectance spectra data [Текст] Y. Liu, Y. Zha, J. Gao, S. Ni // International Journal of Remote Sensing. - 2004. - №25. - Р.4177-4189.
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On pastures" dated February 20, 2017. No. 47-VI ZRK. 2017. [Electronic resource] URL: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=32598330
Cuchillo, H.M. Forage selectivity of co-grazing cattle and sheep on swards differing in plant diversity [Текст] H.M. Cuchillo, N. Wrage-Monnig, J. Isselstein // Grass and Forage Science. - 2017. - №73. - Р.320-329.
Lita, P. ButtolphInfluence of deferred grazing on vegetation dynamics and livestock productivity in an Andean pastoral system [Текст] P. Lita, D. Buttolph, C. Layne // Journal of Applied Ecology. - 2004. - №41. - Р.664-674.
Rotich, H.K. Influence of grazing management practices on vegetation composition, soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in semi arid grasslands of Makueni County, Kenya [Текст] // Master of Science in Range Management. - 2018. - №1. - Р.75-78.
Yuping R., Fei Y., Lei M. Effectiveness of exclosures for restoring soils and vegetation degraded by overgrazing in the Junggar Basin, China [Текст] R. Yuping, Y. Fei, M. Lei // Grassland Science. - 2014. - №60. - Р.118-124.
Mouldi, G. Assessment of vegetation response to grazing management in arid rangelands of southern Tunisia [Текст] G. Mouldi, P. Bob, H. Belgacem // International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - 2015. - №11. - Р.106-113.
REFERENCES
Rosegrant, M.W. Looking into the future for agriculture and AKST Agricultural Knowledge Science and Technology [Текст] M.W. Rosegrant, M. Fernandez, A. Sinha, J. Alder, H. Ahammad // Agriculture at the crossroads. Washington, DC, Island Press. - 2009. - Р.307-376.
Nasiyev, B. Studying the impact of grazing on the current state of Grassland in the Semi-desert Zone [Текст] B. Nasiyev, D. Tulegenova, N. Zhanatalapov, A. Bekkaliev, Z. Shamsutdinov // Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. – 2015. - 12(2). – P.1735-1742.
Insufficient food supply is the main deterrent to the development of animal husbandry [Electronic resource] URL: https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/e-karashukeev-nedostatochnaya-kormovaya-baza-glavnyy-sderzhivayushchiy-faktor-razvitiya-zhivotnovodstva-1743225
1.06 million tons of meat were produced in Kazakhstan in 2022 [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.kt.kz/rus/ekonomika/2022_1_06_1377945255.
Milk production in Kazakhstan increased by 4.4% in January-August 2024 [Electronic resource] URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/proizvodstvo-moloka-v-kazakhstane-vyroslo-na-4-4-za-yanvar-avgust-2024-goda.html
What goods and products are produced in Kazakhstan, and why are many of them appreciated abroad [Electronic resource] https://weproject.media/articles/detail/kakie-tovary-i-produkty-proizvodyat-v-kazakhstane-i-pochemu-mnogie-iz-nikh-tsenyatsya-za-rubezhom/
The number of livestock in Kazakhstan has reached almost 25 million [Electronic resource] URL: https://kaztag.kz/ru/news/pochti-25-mln-dostiglo-pogolove-skota-v-kazakhstane
Republican information and analytical journal "Modern Education" [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.bilim.expert/post
Kazakhstan has increased the area of fodder crops to 3.4 million hectares in 2024 [Electronic resource] URL: https://dairynews.today/kz/news/kazakhstan-uvelichil-ploshchadi-posevov-pod-kormovye-kultury-v-2024-godu-do-3-4-mln-ga.html
Capucille, D.J. Growing and finishing performance of steers when fed recycled poultry bedding during the growing period [Текст] D.J. Capucille, M.H. Poore, G.M. Rogers // J. Anim. Sci. - 2004. - №82. - Р.3038-3048.
Gatlin, L.A. Hydrogenated dietary fat improves pork quality of pigs from two lean genotypes [Текст] L.A. Gatlin L.A, M.T. See, J.A. Hansen, J. Odle // J. Anim. Sci. - 2003. - №81. - Р.1989-1997.
Zaghini, A. Mannanoligosaccharides and aflatoxin B1 in feed for laying hens: effects on egg quality, aflatoxins B1 and M1 residues in eggs, and aflatoxin B1 levels in liver [Текст] A. Zaghini,
G. Martelli, P. Roncada, M. Simioli, L. Rizzi // Poult Sci. - 2005. - №84. - Р.825-832.
Nocek, J.E. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production [Текст] J.E. Nocek, J.B. Russell // J. Dairy Sci. - 1988. - №71. - Р.2070-2107. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79782-9
Land degradation in Kazakhstan: natural and human factors [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.ritmeurasia.org/news--2019-11-07--degradacija-zemel-v-kazahstane-faktor-prirodnyj-i-chelovecheskij
Liu, Y. Assessment of grassland degradation near Lake Qinghai, West China, using Landsat TM and in situ reflectance spectra data [Текст] Y. Liu, Y. Zha, J. Gao, S. Ni // International Journal of Remote Sensing. - 2004. - №25. - Р.4177-4189.
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On pastures" dated February 20, 2017. No. 47-VI ZRK. 2017. [Electronic resource] URL: https://online.zakon.kz/document/?doc_id=32598330
Cuchillo, H.M. Forage selectivity of co-grazing cattle and sheep on swards differing in plant diversity [Текст] H.M. Cuchillo, N. Wrage-Monnig, J. Isselstein // Grass and Forage Science. - 2017. - №73. - Р.320-329.
Lita, P. ButtolphInfluence of deferred grazing on vegetation dynamics and livestock productivity in an Andean pastoral system [Текст] P. Lita, D. Buttolph, C. Layne // Journal of Applied Ecology. - 2004. - №41. - Р.664-674.
Rotich, H.K. Influence of grazing management practices on vegetation composition, soil organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in semi arid grasslands of Makueni County, Kenya [Текст] // Master of Science in Range Management. - 2018. - №1. - Р.75-78.
Yuping R., Fei Y., Lei M. Effectiveness of exclosures for restoring soils and vegetation degraded by overgrazing in the Junggar Basin, China [Текст] R. Yuping, Y. Fei, M. Lei // Grassland Science. - 2014. - №60. - Р.118-124.
Mouldi, G. Assessment of vegetation response to grazing management in arid rangelands of southern Tunisia [Текст] G. Mouldi, P. Bob, H. Belgacem // International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. - 2015. - №11. - Р.106-113.