МАУСЫМДЫҚ ЖӘНЕ МАУСЫМ ІШІЛІК УЧАСКЕЛЕРДЕ МАЛ ЖАЮДЫҢ ЖАЙЫЛЫМДАР ӨНІМДІЛІГІНЕ ӘСЕРІН ЗЕРТТЕУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-1-2-24-35Ключевые слова:
маусымдық жайылымдар, маусым ішілік жайылым учаскелері, жайылымдардың өнімділігі, өсімдіктер жамылғысының көрсеткіштеріАннотация
Целью данного исследования определено оценить современное состояний растительности пастбищных угодий полупустынной зоны Западного Казахстана в зависимости от воздействий основных фактора - выпаса с.х. животных на пастбищах на сезонных и внутрисезонных пастбищных участках. Исследование проводилось в качестве эксперимента в Бокейурдинском районе Западно-Казахстанской области, расположенном в полупустынной зоне в западной части Казахстана. В результате проведенного исследования было установлено, что при выпасе с.х животных в сезонных и внутрисезонных пастбищных участках формировался качественный состав пастбищ по хозяйственно-ботаническим группам растительности с преобладанием более ценных в кормовом отношений видов пастбищных растений, по сравнению с контрольным вариантом высота травостоя на пастбищах сезонного выпаса (весна, лето и осень) была больше на 20,45% и 62,50%, и составила 26,50 см и 35,75 см, а на внутрисезонных пастбищных участках высота травостоя достигала 27,75-37,25 см, превысив контроль (интенсивный выпас) на 5,75-15,25 см или на 26,14-69,32%. Уменьшение нагрузки на пастбища посредством сезонного выпаса, позволило повысить урожайность травостоев пастбищ по сравнению с вариантом интенсивного выпаса на 0,17; 0,33 и на 0,42 т/га, а использование внутрисезонных пастбищных участков сезонов весна, лето и осень обеспечило повышения урожайности зеленой массы пастбищ по сравнению с контролем, т.е. технологией интенсивного выпаса на 0,18; 0,35 и 0,45 т/га соответственно.
Библиографические ссылки
ӘДЕБИЕТТЕР ТІЗІМІ
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1.06 million tons of meat were produced in Kazakhstan in 2022. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.kt.kz/rus/ekonomika/2022_1_06_1377945255.
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M. Barnes // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2013. – No.128. − P.699-717.
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H.I. Nicol // Rangeland Journal. – 1998. – No.20. – P.3-25.
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REFERENCES
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Текст] // FAOSTAT Database. – 2021.
Bengtsson, J. Grasslands - More important for ecosystem services than you might think [Текст] J. Bengtsson // Ecosphere. - 2019. - No.10(2). - e02582.
The number of livestock in Kazakhstan has reached almost 25 million. [Electronic resource] URL: https://kaztag.kz/ru/news/pochti-25-mln-dostiglo-pogolove-skota-v-kazakhstane
Nasiyev, B.N. Assessment of the Elements of the Sudan Grass Cultivation Technology in the Zone of Dry Steppes [Текст] B.N. Nasiyev, N. Zh. Zhanatalapov, B. Shibaikin // OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences. - 2021. - 21(1). - P.172-180. DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2021.172.180
1.06 million tons of meat were produced in Kazakhstan in 2022. [Electronic resource] URL: https://www.kt.kz/rus/ekonomika/2022_1_06_1377945255.
The main indicators of livestock development in the Republic of Kazakhstan. [Electronic resource] URL: https:// stat.gov.kz /ru/industries /business-statistics /stat-forrest-village-hunt-fish/ spreadsheets/?year=2023&name=18612&period=&type=
Walker, J.W. Some effects of a rotational grazing treatment on cattle preference for plant communities [Текст] J.W. Walker, R.K. Heitschmidt, S.L. Dowhower // Journal of Range Management. – 1989. – No.42. − P.143-148.
Teague, R. Multi-paddock grazing on rangelands: Why the perceptual dichotomy between research results and rancher experience? [Текст] R. Teague, F. Provenza, U. Kreuter, T. Steffens,
M. Barnes // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2013. – No.128. − P.699-717.
Kayser, M. Grassland renovation has important consequences for C and N cycling and losses [Текст] M. Kayser, J. Müller, J. Isselstein // Food and Energy Security. – 2018. – No.7(4) – P.146.
Jerry, L. Grazing Studies: What We’ve Learned [Текст] L. Jerry, H.G. Holechek, F. Molinar, G. Dee // Rangelands. − 1999. – No.21(2). – P.12-16.
Roshier, D.A. Implications of spatio-temporal variation in forage [Текст] D.A. Roshier,
H.I. Nicol // Rangeland Journal. – 1998. – No.20. – P.3-25.
Ash, A.J. Evaluating stocking rate impacts in rangelands, animals don’t practice what we preach [Текст] A.J. Ash, D.M. Stafford-Smith // Rangeland Journal. – 1996. – No.18. – P.216-243.
Teague, W.R. Grazing management impacts on vegetation, soil biota and soil chemical, physical and hydrological properties in tall grass prairie [Текст] / W.R. Teague, S.L. Dowhower,
S.A. Baker, N. Haile, P.B. DeLaune, D.M. Conover / Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. – 2011. – No.141. – P.310-322.
Havstad, K.M. Ecological services to and from rangelands of the United States [Текст]
K.M. Havstad, D.P.C. Peters, R. Skaggs, J. Brown, B. Bestelmeyer, E. Fredrickson // Ecol. Econ. – 2007. – No.64. – P.261–268. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.08.005
Horn, J. How do we feed grazing livestock in the future? A case for knowledge-driven grazing systems [Текст] J. Horn, J .Isselstein // Grass Forage Sci. – 2022. – No.77. – P.153–166.
Briggs, J.M. An ecosystem in transition: causes and consequences of the conversion of mesic grassland to shrubland [Текст] J.M. Briggs, A.K. Knapp, J.M. Blair, J.L. Heisler, G.A. Hoch, M.S. Lett // BioSci. – 2005. – No.55. – P.243–254.
Babiker, I.S. Assessment of groundwater contamination by nitrate leaching from intensive vegetable cultivation using geographical information system [Текст] I.S. Babiker, M.A.A. Mohamed, H. Terao, K. Kato, K. Ohta // Environ. Int. – 2004. – No.29. − P.1009–1017.
McDonald, S.E. Ecology, biophysical and production effects of incorporating rest into grazing regimes: a global meta– analysis [Текст] S.E. McDonald, R. Lawrence, L. Kendall, R. Rader // Journal of Applied Ecology. – 2019. − No.56. – P.2723–2731.
Teague, R. Multi-paddock grazing on rangelands [Текст] R. Teague // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2018. – No.1117. – P.35-47.
Müller, B. Relevance of rest periods in non-equilibrium rangeland systems e a modeling analysis [Текст] B. Müller // Agricultural Systems. – 2007. – No.92. – P.295-317.
