ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND BIOFILM FORMATION OF MICROORGANISMS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM THE KOSTANAY REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-3-1-364-373%20Ключевые слова:
biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, milk, bacteria, food safetyАннотация
Biofilms are structured microbial communities that enhance bacterial survival by conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents and disinfectants. Their presence in milk and dairy products may contribute to the transmission of pathogenic bacteria and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, representing a serious concern in veterinary and food microbiology.
This study aimed to assess antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of bacterial isolates recovered from cow’s milk, mare’s milk, and dairy products.
A total of 150 samples were examined, including cow’s milk (n=50), mare’s milk (n=50), and dairy products (n=50), collected from markets and small-scale farms. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using conventional microbiological and biochemical techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, following EUCAST and CLSI guidelines. Resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Biofilm formation was assessed using the crystal violet microtiter plate assay (96-well format).
In total, 46 bacterial isolates were obtained: Staphylococcus aureus (52.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (23.9%), Escherichia coli (21.7%), and Listeria monocytogenes (2.2%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 20.8% of S. aureus isolates, with 8.3% classified as extensively drug-resistant. S. agalactiae showed high resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin (90.9%). Genotypic findings aligned with phenotypic resistance: tetM and blaZ were detected in S. aureus, tetM in S. agalactiae, and blaSHV, aadB in E. coli. No resistance genes were found in L. monocytogenes. Strong biofilm production was found in 16.7% of S. aureus isolates, primarily those with resistance genes. Other species showed weak to moderate biofilm activity.
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