SPEED ACQUISITION FROM INCREMENTAL ROTARY ENCODER FOR ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PRECISION SEEDER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-3-4-201-209Ключевые слова:
Precision seeder, Rotary encoder, Real-time speed acquisition, ESP32 microcontroller, Seed-metering control, Low-cost agricultural sensor, Embedded system, Agricultural automationАннотация
Precision seeders require accurate real-time speed acquisition to optimize seeding uniformity and resource efficiency, yet existing systems often face complexity, cost, and performance limitations under dynamic field conditions. This study presents a low-cost, embedded solution for rotational speed monitoring using an incremental rotary encoder (HDE38S6-600-N-12-24, 600 PPR) interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller and a TowerPro SG-90 servo motor, to capture wheel rotation in real time. The firmware uses interrupt-driven pulse counting to calculate rotational speed, and the system was bench-tested using a representative motor setup before integration with a multi-row precision seeder. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that the prototype could reliably monitor rotational speed and output live velocity data via a serial interface. The measured trends closely followed commanded speed changes, confirming the effectiveness of the encoder-based approach. This low-cost, open-platform solution offers a robust and adaptable means of speed sensing for precision seeding, enabling potential closed-loop control of seed metering. The design and successful testing highlight its applicability to modern agricultural equipment, where precise speed feedback can improve planting uniformity and efficiency.
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