HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN SHEEP INFECTED WITH PARASITIC DISEASES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-3-1-69-77%20Ключевые слова:
Gastrointestinal nematode, sheep, West Kazakhstan, hematological parameters, biochemical parametersАннотация
The aim of this study was to evaluate hematological and biochemical changes in the blood of sheep infected with parasitic diseases compared to clinically healthy animals.
Parasitic infections, including helminthiasis and coccidiosis, are widespread among small ruminants and cause significant damage to livestock production by reducing productivity and worsening the general condition of the herd.
The study included sheep with laboratory-confirmed parasitic infestation (n = 12) and control animals (n = 12). Hematological studies were conducted to determine the following parameters: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (PCV), leukocyte formula, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as well as biochemical analysis of blood serum (total protein, albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, urea, creatinine).
The results showed a statistically significant decrease in RBC, Hb, and PCV levels in infected animals, indicating the development of anemic syndrome. Elevated MCV and ESR values indicate the presence of an inflammatory process and compensatory reactions of the body. A significant increase in the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils reflects the activation of the immune system in response to parasitic invasion.
The biochemical profile of infected sheep was characterized by a decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations, as well as an increase in AST, ALT, and ALP activity, indicating hepatocellular damage. Elevated urea and creatinine levels may be due to impaired kidney function or increased protein catabolism.
The data obtained emphasize the importance of comprehensive laboratory diagnostics for the early detection and monitoring of parasitic infections in sheep. Hematological and biochemical parameters can serve as reliable markers of the severity of the pathological process and the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures in veterinary practice.
Библиографические ссылки
Nagy O., Tóthová C., Klein R. R., Chovanová F. The electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in sheep with naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections [Text] // Acta Veterinaria. – 2020. – Vol. 70, № 3. – P. 316–328. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acve-2020-0024.
Marques C. A. T., Saraiva L. A., Torreão J., Silva T. P., Bezerra L. R., Edvan R. L., Nascimento R. R. d. The use of targeted selective treatments on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system [Text] // Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. – 2018. – Vol. 38, № 3. – P. 470–476. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-4997.
Alam R. T. M., Hassanen E. A. A., El-Mandrawy S. A. Heamonchus contortus infection in sheep and goats: alterations in haematological, biochemical, immunological, trace element and oxidative stress markers [Text] // Journal of Applied Animal Research. – 2020. – Vol. 48, № 1. – P. 357–364. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2020.1802281.
Selvam R. Genetic parameter analysis of indicator traits of gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep breeds [Text] // International Journal of Bio-Resource and Stress Management. – 2022. – Vol. 13, № 1. – P. 17–21. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2657.
Fausto G. C., Pivoto F. L., Costa M. M., Lopes S. T. d. A., França R. T., Molento M. B., Leal M. L. d. R. Protein profile of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and copper [Text] // Parasites & Vectors. – 2014. – Vol. 7, № 1. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-355.
Desalegn C., Berhanu G. Assessment of the epidemiology of the gastrointestinal tract nematode parasites in sheep in Toke Kutaye, West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia [Text] // Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports. – 2023. – Vol. 14. – P. 177–183. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/vmrr.s427828.
Schmidt E. M. d. S., Fachiolli D. F., Oliveira R. M. d., Almeida F. A. d., Pariz C. M., Meirelles P. R. d. L., Rubio C. P. Changes in serum thiol-disulphide homeostasis in sheep with gastrointestinal nematodes [Text] // Animals. – 2021. – Vol. 11, № 10. – P. 2856. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102856.
Rouatbi M., Romdhane R., Bouaicha F., Saddem R., Sassi L., Dhibi M., Gharbi M. Individual variability among autochthonous sheep in Northern Tunisia to infection by abomasum nematodes and Babesia/Theileria parasites [Text] // Veterinary Medicine and Science. – 2020. – Vol. 6, № 4. – P. 834–845. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.310.
Cunha S. M. F., Willoughby O., Schenkel F. S., Cánovas Á. Genetic parameter estimation and selection for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in sheep – a review [Text] // Animals. – 2024. – Vol. 14, № 4. – P. 613. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040613.
Cruz-Tamayo A. A., Méndez-Ortíz F. A., Duarte-Ubaldo I. E., González-Gardúño R. Gastrointestinal nematodes: immune response, development of resistance, nutrition, and nutrigenomics in sheep [Text] // Productive System Territory and Sustainability. – 2021. – Vol. 8, № 1. – P. 1–14. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.35429/h.2021.8.1.14.
Calvete C., González J. M., Ferrer L. M., Antón J. J. R., Lacasta D., Delgado I., Uriarte J. Assessment of targeted selective treatment criteria to control subclinical gastrointestinal nematode infections on sheep farms [Text] // Veterinary Parasitology. – 2020. – Vol. 277. – P. 109018. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109018.
Castagna F., Palma E., Cringoli G., Bosco A., Nisticò N., Caligiuri G., Musella V. Use of complementary natural feed for gastrointestinal nematodes control in sheep: effectiveness and benefits for animals [Text] // Animals. – 2019. – Vol. 9, № 12. – P. 1037. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121037.
Chitneedi P., Arranz J. J., Suárez‐Vega A., Valladares M. M., Gutiérrez‐Gil B. Identification of potential functional variants underlying ovine resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection by using RNA‐seq [Text] // Animal Genetics. – 2020. – Vol. 51, № 2. – P. 266–277. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12894.
Dixon S. E., Karrow N. A., Borkowski E., Suárez‐Vega A., Menzies P., Kennedy D., Cánovas Á. Identifying hepatic genes regulating the ovine response to gastrointestinal nematodes using RNA-sequencing [Text] // Frontiers in Genetics. – 2023. – Vol. 14. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2023.1111426.
Ahbara A., Rouatbi M., Gharbi M., Rekik M., Haile A., Rischkowsky B., Mwacharo J. M. Genome-wide insights on gastrointestinal nematode resistance in autochthonous Tunisian sheep [Text] // Scientific Reports. – 2021. – Vol. 11, № 1. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88501-3.
Willoughby O., Karrow N. A., Cunha S. M. F., Asselstine V., Mallard B. A., Cánovas Á. Characterization of the hepatic transcriptome for divergent immune-responding sheep following natural exposure to gastrointestinal nematodes [Text] // Genes. – 2024. – Vol. 15, № 6. – P. 713. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15060713.
Mavrot F., Hertzberg H., Torgerson P. R. Effect of gastro-intestinal nematode infection on sheep performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Text] // Parasites & Vectors. – 2015. – Vol. 8, № 1. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1164-z.
Alba-Hurtado F., Muñoz-Guzmán M. A. Immune responses associated with resistance to haemonchosis in sheep [Text] // BioMed Research International. – 2013. – 2013. – P. 1–11. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/162158.
Aboshady H. M., Mandonnet N., Félicité Y., Hira J., Fourcot A., Barbier C., Bambou J. Dynamic transcriptomic changes of goat abomasal mucosa in response to Haemonchus contortus infection [Text] // Veterinary Research. – 2020. – Vol. 51, № 1. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-020-00768-y.
Tamponi C., Dessì G., Varcasia A., Knoll S., Meloni L., Scala A. Preliminary assessment of body condition score as a possible marker for the targeted selective treatment of dairy sheep against gastrointestinal nematodes [Text] // Acta Parasitologica. – 2021. – Vol. 67, № 1. – P. 362–368. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00470-9.
Bhuiyan A., Li J., Wu Z., Ni P., Adetula A. A., Wang H., Du X. Exploring the genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes infection in goat using RNA-sequencing [Text] // International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2017. – Vol. 18, № 4. – P. 751. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18040751.
