NEMATODIROSIS IN LAMBS: CLINICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, AND HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-4-1-150-157Ключевые слова:
Nematodiasis, lambs, helminthological autopsy, intestinal histology, coprological diagnosisАннотация
The aim of this study was to investigate the epizootiological situation of nematodirosis in lambs under pasture conditions in the West Kazakhstan region using a combination of morphological, coprological, and histological methods.
Nematodirosis is one of the most significant parasitic diseases causing considerable damage to sheep farming, especially among young animals, leading to reduced productivity, stunted growth, diarrhea, and mortality.
The study was conducted in 2024 in the Zhanibek district on the farms “Moldir” and “Nurbergen.” The study focused on lambs aged 1.5–3 months. A total of 50 animals were examined. In 21 of them (32.8%), eggs of Nematodirus spathiger were detected by coprological analysis using the Fulleborn method. Cases of combined infections with coccidia of the genus Eimeria were also noted.
Clinically, infected animals showed symptoms of watery diarrhea, depression, growth retardation, and dehydration. Death occurred within 2–3 days without treatment. Pathological autopsy using the Shore method revealed inflammatory changes in the proximal small intestine, edema and hyperemia of the mucous membrane, as well as the presence of a large number of nematodes in the lumen. A complete helminthological autopsy according to K.I.Sryabin allowed quantitative confirmation of the invasion.
Histological analysis showed shortening and destruction of villi, infiltration of the lamina propria with lymphocytes and eosinophils, as well as degenerative changes in epithelial cells. Reduced activity of brush enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, maltase) was detected, indicating the development of malabsorption syndrome.
The data obtained emphasize the need for systematic monitoring and prevention of nematode infections in young sheep under pasture conditions, with mandatory consideration of mixed infections and age susceptibility of animals.
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