THE SPREAD, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF DISEASES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF DUCKS AND FACTORS AFFECTING REPRODUCTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-4-2-111-121Ключевые слова:
ducks, reproductive organs, oophoritis, testicular atrophy, orchitis, salpingitisАннотация
The development of industrial poultry farming places high demands on the reproductive function of ducks, as reproduction rates directly determine the productivity and economic efficiency of farms. The present study is aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence and structure of reproductive organ pathologies in ducks, as well as the identification of factors affecting reproductive activity and the quality of incubation material. The study involved 300 ducks of various ages, examined in the spring and autumn period. Clinical observations, pathological and anatomical autopsies, morphological and laboratory studies, as well as assessment of behavioral and socio-biological parameters of the herd were used.
Data analysis showed that oophoritis (35%) is the leading pathology in females, followed by hypoplasia of the left ovary and oviduct (19%), salpingoperitonitis (13%), hemorrhagic cysts (10%) and oviduct blockage (8%). The main etiological factors are infectious agents, mycotoxins, protein and vitamin deficiencies, endocrine disorders and stress effects. Testicular atrophy (57%) and orchitis (43%) predominate in males due to toxic, infectious and metabolic factors that disrupt spermatogenesis and reduce fertility.
Seasonal changes in the photoperiod and temperature, housing conditions, microclimate, social structure of the herd and nutrition significantly affect sexual activity and synchronization of reproductive processes. An analysis of the factors determining the quality of eggshells has shown the importance of the duration of egg laying, temperature regime, stress, diseases of the reproductive tract and mineral supply.
The results of the study emphasize the polyethological nature of reproductive disorders in ducks and the need for comprehensive prevention, including monitoring the microbiological situation, optimizing diet and housing conditions, minimizing stress effects, and monitoring the hormonal and metabolic status of the bird. The introduction of such measures will help to stabilize the reproductive potential and increase the productivity of waterfowl in industrial breeding conditions.
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