REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SIMMENTAL CATTLE ON MEDIUM-SCALE DAIRY FARMS IN THE PAVLODAR REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52578/2305-9397-2025-4-11-20Ключевые слова:
Simmental breed, productivity, reproductive traits, medium-sized farms, clinical indicatorsАннотация
The study evaluates the reproductive status and productive performance of Simmental cattle kept under the conditions of a medium-sized dairy farm in north-eastern Kazakhstan. Research was conducted on the «Sergey» farm (Pavlodar region), which maintains 1003 head, including 578 lactating cows, under a sharply continental climate with pronounced thermal stress. Herd structure, class composition, milk yield by lactation, production status, gynecological health, and hematological and biochemical blood parameters were assessed. The herd showed a high genetic level: 94.7 % of evaluated animals belonged to elite and elite-record classes, and more than 97 % of cows were classified as elite or elite-record. Average milk yield over 305-day lactation peaked in the third lactation (5 866 kg), confirming a clear lactation effect. At the same time, 36.2 % of cows remained non-pregnant, and gynecological examination of 67 cows with prolonged open days revealed a high prevalence of acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis (38.8 %), retained placenta (19.4 %) and ovarian cysts. Cows with reproductive disorders demonstrated pronounced deviations in blood indices, including altered enzyme activity, protein and mineral metabolism, and increased leukocyte counts, indicative of systemic inflammatory and metabolic disturbances. The findings highlight the combination of high productive and breeding potential of Simmental cattle with a significant burden of reproductive pathology, emphasizing the necessity of integrated reproductive management based on regular gynecological examination and laboratory monitoring to maintain fertility and ensure stable milk production under challenging climatic and technological conditions.
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